Lab Members

Laboratory members

Dr Tatenda Dalu
Group Leader
Aquatic System Research Group

Prof Ryan J Wasserman
Research Associate
Wetland Ecology Lab Group Leader

Dr Ross N Cuthbert
Research Associate
GEOMAR, Germany

Mr Farai Dondofema
Research Associate
University of Venda

Dr Takudzwa Madzivanzira
UMP/SAIAB Postdoctoral Fellow
Aquatic System Research Group

Dr Chad Keates
Research Associate
Wetland Ecology Lab - Rhodes University

Postdoctoral Fellows

Dr Takudzwa Madzivanzira's research focuses on the impact of non-native crayfish in sub-Saharan Africa. This is a particularly daunting area as invasive crayfish, while negatively impacting native species and ecosystems, also have a food value for regional communities. His work combines both blue-sky elements on the broad-scale nature of biotic invasion, as well as highly practical and tangible benefits, such as developing optimised catch methods. Dr Madzivanzira’s PhD fellowship was completed ahead of schedule and was recently awarded his Doctoral degree by Rhodes University. He has co-published 10 scientific papers, with 4 of them as first author.

Recent Scientific Publications

Madzivanzira TC, Mungenge C, Chakandinakira AT, Rugwete N and Kavhu B. 2022. Post‐filling phase ichthyofaunal community and fishery potential of Chitsuwa Reservoir, a small tropical reservoir in Zimbabwe. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management. 27(1),e12394.
Madzivanzira TC, South J, Ellender BR, Chalmers R, Chisule G, Coppinger CR, Khaebeb HF, Jacobs FJ, Chomba M, Musando B, Mwale B, Nhiwatiwa T, Rennie CL, Richardson N and Weyl OLF. 2021. Distribution and establishment of the alien Australian redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, in the Zambezi Basin. Aquatic conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3703
Madzivanzira TC, South J, Nhiwatiwa T and Weyl OLF. 2021. Standardisation of alien invasive Australian redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus sampling gear in Africa. Water SA. 47(3):380–384.
Madzivanzira TC, South J and Weyl OLF. 2021. Invasive crayfish outperform Potamonautid crabs at higher temperatures. Freshwater Biology. 66(5):978–991.
Mhlanga L, Madzivanzira TC, Nhiwatiwa T, Tendaupenyu P, Barson M, Marufu L and Songore N. 2020. Physico-chemical limnology during the filling phase of Tugwi-Mukosi, a tropical reservoir in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Aquatic Science. 45(4):412–420.

Doctoral Students

Khumbelo Mabadahanye. PhD in Plastic Pollution, University of Mpumalanga. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Mwazvita TB Dalu]. 2022–present.

Mangana B. Rampheri is a PhD student in Environmental and Water Sciences at the University of the Western Cape. Her research interest are the application of GIS and Remote Sensing on Water Resources and Environmental Management. Currently, her PhD research focuses on the application of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Groundwater independent water ecosystems in Khakea Bray Transboundary Aquifer System. She holds BSc in Environmental and Resource Studies and an MSc in Geography and Environmental Sciences (with Cum laude) from the University of Limpopo. Her MSc research focused on “Community involvement in biodiversity conservation and management” and the study involved the use of cutting edge GIS and Satellite-based methodologies to assess tree species diversity before and after community involvement in biodiversity conservation. During her MSc, she was involved in tutoring undergraduate students (1st to 4th year students) in GIS and Remote Sensing, Land degradation, Natural Resources and Environmental Management practical's at the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Limpopo. As part of her MSc, she managed to author four journals articles, all published in ISI peer-reviewed journals. [Supervisors: Prof Timothy Dube, Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2021–present.

Scientific Publications

Dube T, Rampheri MB and Shoko C. 2022. GIS and remote sensing analytics: assessment and monitoring. In: Dalu T and Wasserman RJ (eds). Fundamentals of Tropical Freshwater Wetlands: From Ecology to Conservation Management. Elsevier, Cambridge.
Rampheri MB and Dube T. 2021. Local community involvement in nature conservation in protected areas under auspices of Community-Based Narural Resource Management (CBNRM): A state of the art review. African Journal of Ecology. DOI: 10.111/aje.12801.
Rampheri MB, Dube T and Dhau I. 2020. Use of remote sensed data to estimate tree species diversity as an indicator of biodiversity in Blouberg Nature Reserve, South Africa. Geocarto International. DOI:10.1080/10106049.2020.1723717.
Dube T, Shoko C, Sibanda M, Baloyi MM, Molekoa, Nkuna D, Rafapa B and Rampheri MB. 2020. Spatial modelling of ground water quality across a land use and land cover gradient in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 115(Feb): 102820.

Chipo Perseverance Mungenge holds a BSc Hons in Biological Sciences and MSc in Tropical Resource Ecology from the University of Zimbabwe. She is currently a PhD student in the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University. Her current research is on how within-system processes shape plankton diversity in groundwater dependent ecosystems in the Khakhea-Bray Dolomite Transboundary Aquifer. Chipo's research interests are limnology, plankton ecology, fish ecology, aquaculture and fisheries management. Her MSc research focused on the limnology and plankton ecology of Mazvikadei reservoir in Zimbabwe. Her past work has garnered her years of work experience in studying the limnology and ecology of various freshwater systems in Zimbabwe. She believes that research must be accessible and extend outside of academia into practical application. Chipo is currently employed by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority. [Supervisors: Prof Ryan J Wasserman, Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2021–present.

Scientific publications

Madzivanzira TC, Mungenge C, Chakandinakira AT, Rugwete N and Kavhu B. 2022. Post‐filling phase ichthyofaunal community and fishery potential of Chitsuwa Reservoir, a small tropical reservoir in Zimbabwe. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management. 27(1),e12394.
Maquinna T, Mungenge C and Mawoyo KA. 2021. Fish diversity and composition of Tugwi Mukosi Dam, Zimbabwe's largest inland reservoir post impoundment. Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries. DOI: 10.1002/aff2.24.
Nhiwatiwa T, Mungenge C, Mhlanga L and Dalu T. 2021. Stratification regimes and thermodynamic modelling of a subtropical African reservoir. Lakes and Reservoirs: Science, Policy and Management for Sustainable Use. 26(1): 33-41.
Mhlanga L, Mungenge C and Nhiwatiwa T. 2017. Physico-chemical limnology and plankton dynamics of Mazvikadei, a tropical reservoir in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Aquatic Science. 42(2):93–108.
Masocha M, Mungenge C and Nhiwatiwa T. 2016. Remote sensing of nutrients in a Subtropical African reservoir: Testing utility of Landsat 8. Geocarto International. 33(5):458–469.

Thendo Mutshekwa is a motivated and creative individual, with BSc, BSc Hons and MSc Environmental Sciences from the University of Venda. He worked as a research assistant on invasive plant species project within the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve. For his MSc study, he focused on the leaf litter decomposition in small agricultural reservoirs and for his PhD at the University of Venda, he will be focusing on the impacts of macadamia plantations and associated pesticides on aquatic biota and associated food webs in the Luvuvhu River valley area. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Prof Ryan J Wasserman, Dr Lutendo Mugwedi]. 2020–present.

Scientific Publications

Dalu T, Banda T, Mutshekwa T, Munyai LF and Cuthbert RN. 2021. Effects of urbanization and a wastewater treatment plant on microplastic densities along a subtropical river system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13185-1.
Dalu T, Dlamini P, Wasserman RJ, Mokgoebo MJ, Mutshekwa T, Dondofema F and Cuthbert RN. 2021. Effects of environmental variables on littoral macroinvertebrate community assemblages in subtropical reservoirs. Chemistry and Ecology. DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2021.1892656.
Mutshekwa T, Cuthbert RN, Wasserman RJ, Murungweni FM and Dalu T. 2020. Nutrient release dynamics associated with native and invasive leaf litter decomposition: a mesocosm experiment. Water. 12(9):2350.
Mutshekwa T, Cuthbert RN, Wasserman RJ, Murungweni FM and Dalu T. 2020. Macroinvertebrate colonisation associated with native and invasive leaf litter decomposition. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 421(July):32.
Cuthbert RN, Dalu T, Mutshekwa T and Wasserman RJ. 2019. Leaf inputs from invasive and native plants drive differential mosquito abundances. Science of the Total Environment. 689(1 Nov):652–654.

Linton Fhatuwani Munyai joined the University of Venda as an undergraduate student in Bachelor of Environmental Sciences in 2012 and went on to complete his BSc, BSc Honours and MSc degrees with research focusing on water resources and fisheries. During his MSc, he used remote sensing to map Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and chlorophyll-a dynamics in Nandoni reservoir and aquaculture ponds and also tried to come up remediation techniques for cyanobacterial blooms in aquaculture fish ponds within the Vhembe District, South Africa. For his PhD at the University of Venda, he will be focusing on "Biodiversity and trophic structure of ephemeral pan systems within the Makuleke Wetlands, Kruger National Park". [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Prof Ryan J Wasserman, Dr Lutendo Mugwedi]. 2020–present.

Scientific Publications

Munyai LF, Dalu T, Wasserman RJ, Mugwedi L, Dondofema F, O’Brien G and Cuthbert RN. 2022. Functional responses and additive multiple predator effects of two common wetland fishes. Water. 14(5):699.
Makherana F, Cuthbert RN, Dondofema F, Wasserman RJ, Chauke GM, Munyai LF and Dalu T. 2022. Distribution, drivers and population structure of the invasive alien snail Tarebia granifera in the Luvuvhu River, South Africa. River Research and Applications. DOI:10.1002/rra.3937.
Makherana F, Cuthbert RN, ‪Monaco CJ, Dondofema F, Wasserman RJ, Chauke GM, Munyai LF and Dalu T. 2022. Informing spread predictions of two alien snails using movement traits. Science of the Total Environment. 811(March):152364.
Dalu T, Banda T, Mutshekwa T, Munyai LF and Cuthbert RN. 2021. Effects of urbanization and a wastewater treatment plant on microplastic densities along a subtropical river system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28:36102–36111.
Netshiongolwe NR, Cuthbert RN, Maenetje MM, Chari LD, Motitsoe SN, Wasserman RJ, Munyai LF and Dalu T. 2020. Quantifying metal contamination and potential uptake by Phragmites australis Adans. (Poaceae) along a subtropical river system. Plants 9(7):846.

Cyncinatia Malapane has a BSc, BSc Hons and MSc Environmental Sciences from the University of Venda. During her MSc she focused on mapping the distribution and abundance of common reeds Phragmites australis in the Nylsvley Wetland, South Africa using SPOT and Landsat imagery. For her PhD at the University of the Western Cape, she will be working on "Analysing the effects of streamflow rate changes in response to bush encroachment using Sentinel-2 and machine learning programmes in the Letaba River system". [Supervisors: Prof Timothy Dube, Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2021–present.

Scientific publications

Masters Students

Tafara Frank Bute has a BSc Hons Applied Biosciences and Biotechnology from the Midlands State University, Zimbabwe. For his undergraduate research project, he focused on nosocomial infections in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe. Tafara has joined SADC GMI – JRS Biodiversity Khakhea-Bray Transboundary Aquafer project for his MSc studies through Rhodes University where he will working microbial dynamics with the groundwater dependent pan systems. Tafara is passionate about the environment. [Supervisors: Prof Ryan J Wasserman, Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2021–present.

Fannie Mfaniseni Masina is an MSc student at the University of Mpumalanga, where he graduated with BSc Hons in Agriculture. For his BSc Hons, he focused on vegetable growers' perceptions on pest management strategies in Nhlazatshe. For his MSc studies, he will be focusing on "Assessing the influence of disturbance and environmental factors structuring macroinvertebrate communities within the Khakhea-Bray Transboundary aquafer temporal pans." [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Prof Ryan J Wasserman]. 2021–present.

Kudzai Shaun Mpakairi graduated with a BSc in Environmental Science from the University of Zimbabwe in 2018. For his MSc at the University of the Western Cape, Kudzai will focus on using GIS and Earth Observation techniques to map the Khakea/Bray Transboundary Aquifer vegetation around groundwater dependent ecosystems i.e., pans. Kudzai has co-/authored over 18 research publications in top international journals. Most of his articles emphasize the use of GIS and Earth Observation techniques in climate change, ecology and natural resources management. Kudzai has also worked extensively with several Zimbabwean institutes and non-governmental organizations such as Vision RI, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), African Wildlife Fund (AWF), Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA TFCA) and University of Zimbabwe as a research technician. [Supervisors: Prof Timothy Dube, Dr Tatenda Dalu, Mr Farai Dondofema]. 2021–present.

Masimini Stanford Nkosi is an MSc student at the University of Mpumalanga, where he graduated with BSc Hons in Agriculture. For his BSc Hons research project, he worked on socio-economic determinants of tomato production: evidence from smallholder in Nkomazi Municipality. For his MSc studies, he will be focusing on "Quantifying microplastics abundance and diversity along the Nelspruit River system". [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Ross N Cuthbert]. 2021–present.

Elsie Nomcebo Leshaba holds a BSc in Agriculture degree with a focus on Agribusiness and Geography obtained from the University of Mpumalanga. Her undergraduate research project focused on the "Determinants of market choice by fresh produce smallholder farmers: A case of Nkomazi Local Municipality". She is currently an MSc student in the School of Biology and Environmental Sciences at University Mpumalanga where she will be working biodiversity of pans found in the southern Kruger National Park as part of the Water Research Commission project on remote sensing and biodiversity of pans. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Prof Timothy Dube]. 2022–present.

Busiswa Pamella Zantsi holds a BSc degree in Biochemistry and Entomology, and BSc Hons Entomology from the University of Fort Hare. For her BSc Hons she assessed "Have levels of predation and parasitism on Dasinuera sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) changed as a biological control agent of Leptospermum laevigatum? in Eastern Cape and Cape Town areas". For her MSc studies at the University of Mpumalanga she has moved from terrestrial to aquatic ecology and will be assessing the effects of water and sediment quality impacts on aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure within the Nelspruit area. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Ross N Cuthbert]. 2022–present.

Ronald Mashamba holds a BSc and BSc Hons Environmental Sciences from the University of Venda. For his honours research he worked on the diet and length-weight relationship of Clarias gariepinus from Nylsvley Wetland and for his MSc degree at the University of Mpumalanga he will be working on plastic pollution. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2022–present.

Zenzele Mahlalela holds a BSc in Agriculture from University of Mpumalanga, where he will be working on his MSc degree on assessing patterns, distributions and impacts between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by plastics. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Ross N Cuthbert]. 2022–present.

Tawurayi Mavimira is currently an MSc student at the University of Mpumalanga and holds a Bachelor of Science Honoursin Environmental Monitoring and Modelling (UNISA) and BSc General majoring in Biological Sciences and Geography (University of Zimbabwe). Tawurayi also holds a Diploma in Education (Mathematics) from Belvedere Technical College, Zimbabwe. For his MSc studies, he will be focusing on understanding perceptions of school educators in raising awareness towards environmental pollution. [Supervisors: Dr MTB Dalu, Dr T Dalu]

BSc Hons / Postgrad. Diploma / Adv. Diploma

Kholofelo Christina Makhubupetsi is from a small town Phalaborwa (Limpopo Province). She is currently studying towards her BSc Hons in Agriculture specialising in Water Sciences at the University of Mpumalanga. For her research project, she is going to be researching on assessing microplastics abundances in a wastewater treatment works. Kholofelo is interested in serving the community, and is currently the Secretary for Enactus University of Mpumalanga an organisation that is aimed at helping communities and individuals to better their livelihoods. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2022–present.

Bonginkosi Ngobeni is from a village called Tonga located in Nkomazi, Mpumalanga Province. He received his Bachelor of Sciences (General) degree from the University of Mpumalanga and this year he will be pursuing his BSc Hons in Geography. Bonginkosi will be working on assessing the pro-environmental behaviour of local community members towards plastic pollution in the Mbombela Municipality area. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2022–present.

Nelisiwe Ngomane was born in Hoyi Village, Nkomazi (Mpumalanga) where she fell in love with nature. She is currently studying towards her Postgraduate Diploma in Nature Conservation at the University of Mpumalanga. For her research project, she will be working microplastic pollution along the Crocodile and Luvuvhu River systems. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2022–present.

Nombuso Nothando Themba is an Postgraduate Diploma in Nature Conservation student at the University of Mpumalanga. For her research project, she will be working microplastic pollution in Crocodile and Luvuvhu River systems. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu]. 2022–present.

Dion Nikita Mebu is an Advanced Diploma in Nature Conservation student at the University of Mpumalanga. Dion is Lilydale Village, Bushbuckrige (Mpumalanga). He is currently working for the Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency under Wildlife Protection Services as a Conservation Ranger. For his research project he will be working on benthic phytoplankton colonisation among different substrate types. He loves working outdoors in nature, expanding his knowledge. In the next coming years, he aspires to obtain a PhD qualification in conservation. [Supervisors: Dr Takudzwa Madzivanzira]. 2022–present.

Submitted for Examination

Takalani Vincent Netshituni. Effects of wildfire on aquatic ecosystem primary productivity. MSc Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Mr Farai Dondofema, Dr Ross N Cuthbert].
Alugumi Yesaya Nemalili. The contribution of integrated development projects to Zandspruit River water pollution, Gauteng Province, South Africa. MSc Rural Development, University of Venda, Thohoyandou [Supervisors: Jethro Zuwarimwe, Dr Tatenda Dalu]

Graduated Students

PhD

Tinotenda Mangadze. 2020. Ecological assessment using complimentary biomonitoring techniques: the case of Bloukrans River system, South Africa. PhD Marine Biology. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. [Supervisors: Prof P William Froneman, Dr Tatenda Dalu]

MSc

Fhatuwani Makherana. 2022. Assessing environmental factors structuring populations and movement dynamics of the invasive snail Tarebia granifera in a subtropical Austral reservoir. MSc Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Ross N Cuthbert, Mr Farai Dondofema] [Passed, graduating in May]
Fulufhelo Faith Muthivhi. 2022. Assessing the spatiotemporal variation of phytoplankton biomass in Nandoni reservoir in the Vhembe District (South Africa) using LANDSAT satellite imagery. MSc Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Mr Farai Dondofema, Dr Matjutla Mokgoebo] [Passed, graduating in May]
Lufuno Makhuvha. 2021. Organic matter dynamics in Nylsvley Wetland: distribution and processes. MSc Environmental Science. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Prof Ryan J Wasserman]
Cyncinatia Malapane. 2021. Mapping the distribution and abundance of common reeds Phragmites australis in the Nylsvley Wetland, South Africa using SPOT and Landsat imagery. MSc Environmental Science. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Mr Farai Dondofema, Dr Eduard M Stam]
Edward Mhlongo. 2021. Perceptions of the role of Lantana camara on human well-being and rural livelihoods in Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. MSc Environmental Science with Distinction, Rhodes University, Grahamstown. [Supervisors: Dr Sheunesu Ruwanza, Dr Tatenda Dalu]
Terence Magqina. 2021. Age estimation, growth rate and reproductive biology of tiger fish, Hydrocynus vittatus (Castelnau 1861) in Lake Kariba: assessing the impact of decades of fishery exploitation. MPhil Aquatic Ecology. University of Zimbabwe, Harare. [Supervisors: Prof Tamuka Nhiwatiwa, Prof Lindah Mhlanga, Dr Tatenda Dalu]
Mukondi Olga Ligege. 2020. Assessing the effects of powerline servitudes as corridors for alien plant invasion: a case study of Fundudzi and Khakhu powerline corridors. MSc Environmental Science with Merit. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Eduard M Stam]
Ndivhuwo Robert Netshiongolwe. 2020. Quantifying metal contamination variation and potential uptake by Phragmites australus Adans. (Poaceae) along a subtropical river system. MSc Environmental Science with Merit. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Lenin D Chari, Dr Samuel N Motitsoe]
Onica Mukhuwana. 2020. Challenges affecting the management of Thulamela wetlands: managers’ engagement with local communities use of wetlands. MSc Environmental Science with Merit. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Mwazvita TB Dalu, Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Florence M Murungweni]
Pretty Dlamini. 2020. Assessing the influence of water level fluctuations on macroinvertebrate community assemblages in two small subtropical farm reservoirs. MSc Environmental Science with Merit. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Matjutla J Mokgoebo]
Rendani Mbedzi. 2020. The occurrence and distribution of microplastics in surficial sediments and fish in a South African reservoir. MSc Earth Sciences in Mining and Environmental Geology with Merit. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Dr Florence Murungweni]
Rolindela Tshivhase. 2020. An assessment of metals and nutrient dynamics within soil-sediments: a case study of the Nylsvlei Ramsar Wetland (South Africa). MSc Environmental Science with Merit. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Prof Ryan J Wasserman, Dr Florence M Murungweni]
Thendo Mutshekwa. 2020. Assessing the effects of invasive and native leaf litter decomposition dynamics in agricultural water impoundments. MSc Environmental Science with Merit. University of Venda, Thohoyandou. [Supervisors: Dr Tatenda Dalu, Prof Ryan J Wasserman, Dr Florence M Murungweni]
Molline Natanah Chido Gusha. 2018. A community–wide trophic structure analysis in intertidal ecosystems on the south coast of South Africa. MSc Marine Biology with Merit. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. [Supervisors: Distinguished Prof Christopher McQuaid, Dr Tatenda Dalu]
Simphiwe Gininda. 2017. Effect of pollution on community assemblages of a small river system: A case of Bloukrans River, South Africa. MSc Marine Biology with Distinction. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. [Supervisors: Prof Nicole B Richoux, Dr Tatenda Dalu]

BSc Hons
Glencia Matimu Chauke, Ronald Mashamba, Katlego William Masasane, Thabiso Banda, Mokgale Merchatte Maenetje, Khumbelo Mulondo, Mathapelo Jaqualine Methi, Phumudzo Ragimana, Rabelani Seshonge, Rotondwa Matshidze, Rotondwa Sithagu, Tshedza Thriddah Murudi, Salphina Ntombikayise Sathekge, Bernad Malesa, Rivoningo Chauke, Mulweli Makatu, Muhali Hulisani.